Selenium is recognized for its role in moderating immune and inflammatory responses by mitigating cellular damage during immune activation. It functions in antioxidant protection by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, preserving cell membrane integrity, and enhancing vitamin E activity. Selenium supports immune function by promoting cytokine production, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which are critical in viral defense. It also influences humoral immunity by stabilizing IgM and IgG levels and assists in efficient neutrophil chemotaxis, enhancing the immune system's overall response to pathogens. This trace mineral's antioxidant properties and immune-modulating effects are essential in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Mechanisms of Action and Benefits:

• Research supports selenium's role in immune modulation, particularly in regulating degranulation of immune cells, enhancing antiviral defenses, and supporting immune cell chemotaxis. Selenium aids in reducing oxidative damage from neutrophils and other immune cells, which release reactive molecules during pathogen defense. This is crucial, as these cells’ degranulation can otherwise cause tissue damage if left unchecked. Studies also confirm that selenium boosts the production of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), both key cytokines involved in antiviral responses and inflammation control, which can help prevent overly aggressive immune responses while maintaining viral defenses.​ (1,2)
• Additionally, selenium appears to stabilize immunoglobulin levels (IgM and IgG), which are essential for adaptive immunity, as well as promoting neutrophil chemotaxis, helping guide these cells to infection sites. It has been shown to support immune homeostasis during viral infections, with evidence that selenium supplementation aids in viral clearance and reduces mutation rates in viruses like polio and influenza, thus lowering the risk of severe outcomes​. (2)
• Selenium also acts as an antioxidant, protecting lipids from oxidative damage and preserving vitamin E, which together protect cell membranes and support overall immune resilience​ (1,2)

References

(1)Bermano G, Méplan C, Mercer DK, Hesketh JE. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? British Journal of Nutrition. 2021;125(6):618-627. doi:10.1017/S0007114520003128 

(2)Lacy, P. Mechanisms of Degranulation in Neutrophils. All Asth Clin Immun2, 98 (2006).